Glioblastoma, also known as glioblastoma multiforme or GBM, is a highly aggressive type of brain cancer that affects the glial cells in the brain and spinal cord. It is considered one of the deadliest forms of cancer, with a median survival rate of only 15 months after diagnosis. Despite decades of research, the exact causes of glioblastoma remain largely unknown. However, scientists have identified several factors that may contribute to the development of this deadly disease.

One of the primary culprits behind glioblastoma is genetic mutations. In particular, mutations in two genes are strongly associated with the development of this aggressive form of brain cancer: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and tumor suppressor gene TP53. These mutations can lead to uncontrolled cell division and the formation of tumors in the brain.

While genetics may play a role in the development of glioblastoma, environmental factors may also contribute to this deadly disease. Exposure to radiation, including ionizing radiation from medical imaging or radiation therapy, has been shown to increase the risk of developing brain cancer. Exposure to certain chemicals and toxins, such as pesticides and solvents, may also increase the risk of glioblastoma.

Recent research has also pointed to the role of immune system dysfunction in the development of glioblastoma. Specifically, some studies suggest that a weakened immune system may be more susceptible to developing cancerous tumors, including glioblastoma. This may be due to the fact that a weakened immune system is less able to identify and destroy abnormal cells before they have a chance to develop into cancer.

In conclusion, glioblastoma is a complex and deadly form of brain cancer that can result from a variety of factors. Genetic mutations, environmental factors, age, and immune system dysfunction are all thought to play a role in the development of this aggressive disease. While much remains unknown about the exact causes of glioblastoma, continued research and understanding of these risk factors may help scientists develop new therapies and treatments to combat this deadly disease.